预防自杀

自杀是世界范围内死亡的主要原因之一:了解这些迹象以及如何获得帮助

Although it is not possible to predict suicide with any certainty, 我们最好的工具是认识到许多人在考虑自杀时表现出的迹象. 以下三种行为应该促使你为自己或所爱的人立即寻求帮助:

  • Talking about wanting to die or to kill oneself
  • Looking for a way to kill oneself, such as searching online or obtaining a gun
  • Talking about feeling hopeless or having no reason to live

如果你或你认识的人需要帮助

If you are suicidal or are a danger to yourself or others, please call 9-1-1 or visit your nearest emergency room immediately.

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自杀人数超过45人,000 American lives each year—more than the number killed by car accidents, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

根据 Dost Öngür，医学博士，博士, chief of the Division of Psychotic Disorders at McLean Hospital, “Suicidal thinking is common and widespread, especially among people with mental illnesses. Yet we don’t have good ways of deciding who is at genuine risk, and who is struggling but who won’t go through with hurting themselves. 现实情况是，没有既定的方法来说明这个人比那个人的风险更高.”

Infographic - Globally, more than 700,000 people die by suicide each year

“90%死于自杀的人在死亡时都存在精神疾病或药物滥用问题,Öngür说. “精神疾病可以影响任何人. It doesn’t discriminate based on gender, age, race or socioeconomic status.”

除了上面提到的行为, these actions may also indicate a serious risk—especially if the behavior is new; has increased; and/or seems related to a painful event, 损失, 或改变:

  • Talking about feeling trapped or in unbearable pain
  • 说自己是别人的负担
  • 增加酒精或毒品的使用
  • Acting anxious or agitated; behaving recklessly
  • 睡得太少或太多
  • 退缩或感到孤立
  • Showing rage or talking about seeking revenge
  • 表现出极端的情绪波动
  • Talking about losing fear of death/dying

根据988自杀案 & 危机的生命线, 重要的是要注意，被确定为增加风险的因素并不是导致或预测自杀企图的因素. 风险因素是使个体更有可能考虑的特征, 尝试, 或者自杀身亡. 保护性因素是使个体不太可能考虑的特征, 尝试, 或者自杀身亡.

Protective factors for suicide include:

  • 接受有效的精神卫生保健
  • 与家庭的积极联系, 同行, 社区, 以及社会制度, 比如婚姻和宗教, 培养韧性
  • The skills and ability to solve problems

在一起, 我们可以照亮一个经常因为恐惧和耻辱而不被讨论的话题，并努力帮助无数人找到他们需要的帮助.

阅读更多- 自杀:了解迹象和如何做

什么是自杀?

我们在ADAA的朋友帮助我们更多地了解什么是自杀，以及如何知道何时寻求帮助

Resources

These organizations also offer suicide prevention Resources:

988年自杀 & 危机的生命线
If you are suicidal, please call 988 or 800.273.聊天(8255). 你会在你所在地区的危机中心联系到一位经验丰富、训练有素的咨询师. Counselors are available 24 hours a day, seven days a week. 预防自杀生命线网站也为那些寻求帮助的人提供了许多Resources.

American Foundation for 预防自杀
美国预防自杀基金会(AFSP)致力于拯救生命，为那些受自杀影响的人带来希望. AFSP通过教育和社区项目创造了一种聪明的心理健康文化, develops suicide prevention through research and advocacy, and provides support for those affected by suicide. AFSP has local chapters in all 50 states, with programs and events nationwide.

International Association for 预防自杀
国际自杀预防协会(IASP)是自杀预防的全球领导者，通过战略伙伴关系和基于研究的行动，旨在减少自杀和自杀行为的发生率.

Samaritans: Massachusetts 24-Hour Crisis HelpLine
一个教派之分, 非营利性志愿者组织，致力于通过帮助处于危机中的个人和教育社区有效的预防策略来减少自杀的发生率. The Samaritans provide a free and confidential 24-hour phone befriending line. Call or text the 24/7 statewide Helpline at 877.870.4673.

今天就阻止自杀
“今日停止自杀”是一项全国性的运动，旨在赋予个人帮助自己的能力, 的同事们, 朋友, and loved ones who are concerned about or feel suicidal.

预防自杀Resources中心
自杀预防Resources中心是唯一一个由联邦政府支持的Resources中心，致力于推进国家自杀预防战略的实施.

反式的生命线
这个非营利组织为处于危机中的跨性别群体提供直接的情感和经济支持, 跨性别群体. 跨性别生命线的热线是跨性别者为我们的跨性别和有问题的同龄人提供的同伴支持电话服务. 拨打877.565.8860在美国.S.

Young man is comforted by person with hand on shoulder

Talking about suicide is the best way to prevent it

青少年的Resources

除了上面的Resources, 这些组织专门为父母和青少年提供支持.

Society for the Prevention of Teen 自杀 – Information for 父母
A nonprofit organization that provides specialized training programs, 教育信息, 以及青少年的Resources, 父母, and educational leaders with the aim of increasing awareness, 减少自杀的耻辱, 拯救生命. They provide information and Resources for 父母, including information about warning signs, 风险因素, 和孩子们谈论自杀, 以及危机Resources.

Society for the Prevention of Teen 自杀 – Information for teens
A nonprofit organization that provides specialized training programs, 教育信息, 以及青少年的Resources, 父母, and educational leaders with the aim of increasing awareness, 减少自杀的耻辱, 拯救生命. Their website provides information 以及青少年的Resources, including crisis Resources and information on warning signs.

988年自杀 & 危机生命线-青年Resources
If you are suicidal, please call 988 or 800.273.聊天(8255). 你会在你所在地区的危机中心联系到一位经验丰富、训练有素的咨询师. Counselors are available 24 hours a day, seven days a week. 预防自杀生命线网站也为那些寻求帮助的人提供了一些Resources. 他们提供专门针对青年的信息和Resources，包括希望和康复的故事.

预防自杀Resources中心 -青少年Resources
SPRC是唯一一个由联邦政府支持的Resources中心，致力于推进国家自杀预防战略的实施. Their website provides information and Resources specific to adolescents.

特雷福项目 ——支持LGBTQ青年
这个组织为女同性恋者提供危机干预和自杀预防服务, 同性恋, 双性恋, 变性人, 酷儿, 询问年轻人. They provide a number of programs and services, 包括教育信息, Resources, 和培训, and are involved in innovative research. 他们还提供电话和短信热线.

青少年自杀警告标志
This organization offers information about suicide warning signs to youth, 卫生保健专业人员, 家长/护理员, and others who have an important role in the life of a young person. Developed by national and international experts, 他们的网站提供了有关青少年自杀警告信号的信息，这些信息是基于科学和临床实践的. They also offer information about how to respond and find help.

Parents and teens may also find these Resources helpful:

军事Resources & 退伍军人

退伍军人危机热线
退伍军人危机热线是一个免费的保密Resources，是全国988自杀计划的一部分 & 危机的生命线, 这对任何人都适用, even if you’re not registered with VA or enrolled in VA health care. 的关怀, 退伍军人危机热线的合格响应者在帮助所有年龄和情况的退伍军人方面都经过专门培训和经验丰富. 拨打800.273.8255 or 988 then press 1 or text 838255.

U.S. 退伍军人事务部 -预防自杀Resources
退伍军人事务部优先考虑防止所有退伍军人自杀——无论他们是否在退伍军人事务部的医疗保健系统内寻求治疗. Find information, statistics, support Resources, and how to get help.

988年自杀 & 危机生命线-退伍军人Resources
For those members of the military and veterans, crises can be heightened by their experiences 在 service. 全国988自杀 & 危机的生命线 website includes a range of information to help before, 在, 或者在服完兵役之后.

了解更多有关 effects of trauma on military members and their families

Resources for Health Care Professionals

自杀-Focused Assessment and 治疗 Course
这个年度课程由JDB电子和斯坦福大学精神病学和行为科学系主办，JDB电子提供最新的信息. Continuing education credits are available for a variety of disciplines.

Current Status of 自杀-Focused Assessment and 治疗
开发这一在线Resources的目的是为临床医生提供有关以自杀为重点的评估和治疗现状的信息. 这些信息是根据对现有文献中现有证据的审查汇编而成的，并得到临床共识的补充.

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